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GutBrainAxis
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- Oct 4, 2023
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- #151
This is interesting:
The marine environment is often considered a vast, untapped reservoir with regards to the microorganisms and compounds present, the metabolites produced and interactions that occur in this ecosystem. New bioactives and potential prebiotic substrates are being harnessed from this rich environment. Seaweeds, also known as marine macroalgae, are rich in polysaccharides and bioactive compounds, which could be applied to improve human and animal health.Citation99,Citation100 Seaweeds can be subdivided into three categories based on their pigmentation; Rhodophyta (red seaweed), Chlorophyta (green seaweed) and Phaeophyta (brown seaweed).Citation99 Differences in composition and structure of the polysaccharides present in these seaweeds are also evident. Brown seaweed is of particular interest as it possesses polysaccharides such as fucoidan, laminarin and alginate.Citation101 Fucoidans comprise a class of fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides often located in the cell walls of brown macroalgae. It is suggested that fucoidans with differing structures may impact the gut in a variety of ways. For example, a study carried out by Shang et al.,Citation102 established that fucoidans isolated from Ascophyllum nodosum (FuA) and Laminaria japonica (FuL) had positive but slightly differing effects on the murine gut microbiota due to their structural differences. FuA has a type I back-bone structure whereas FuL has a type II structure. FuL markedly increased the levels of Ruminococcaceae while FuA enhanced Lactobacillus, Anaeroplasma and Thalassospira. In a follow-up study on HF diet-fed mice, these fucoidans improved MetS induced by a HF diet.Citation103 Dietary supplementation with fucoidan decreased body weight in HF diet-fed mice and also improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Both fucoidans separately ameliorated intestinal dysbiosis caused by HF diet and significantly increased Akkermansia abundance. An evolving body of evidence has linked A. muciniphila with a lean phenotype and often levels are lower in those with obesity and its related metabolic alterations. Additionally, SCFA producers such as Blautia and Alloprevotella were increased. This contributes to the improvement of the health status of the gut microbial community. Remarkably there did not seem to be any major differences between FuL and FuA in this instance as both influenced the gut bacterial community correspondingly. Thus, ingredients from marine resources, particularly fucoidan, have potential as mediators of gut microbes.
The marine environment is often considered a vast, untapped reservoir with regards to the microorganisms and compounds present, the metabolites produced and interactions that occur in this ecosystem. New bioactives and potential prebiotic substrates are being harnessed from this rich environment. Seaweeds, also known as marine macroalgae, are rich in polysaccharides and bioactive compounds, which could be applied to improve human and animal health.Citation99,Citation100 Seaweeds can be subdivided into three categories based on their pigmentation; Rhodophyta (red seaweed), Chlorophyta (green seaweed) and Phaeophyta (brown seaweed).Citation99 Differences in composition and structure of the polysaccharides present in these seaweeds are also evident. Brown seaweed is of particular interest as it possesses polysaccharides such as fucoidan, laminarin and alginate.Citation101 Fucoidans comprise a class of fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides often located in the cell walls of brown macroalgae. It is suggested that fucoidans with differing structures may impact the gut in a variety of ways. For example, a study carried out by Shang et al.,Citation102 established that fucoidans isolated from Ascophyllum nodosum (FuA) and Laminaria japonica (FuL) had positive but slightly differing effects on the murine gut microbiota due to their structural differences. FuA has a type I back-bone structure whereas FuL has a type II structure. FuL markedly increased the levels of Ruminococcaceae while FuA enhanced Lactobacillus, Anaeroplasma and Thalassospira. In a follow-up study on HF diet-fed mice, these fucoidans improved MetS induced by a HF diet.Citation103 Dietary supplementation with fucoidan decreased body weight in HF diet-fed mice and also improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Both fucoidans separately ameliorated intestinal dysbiosis caused by HF diet and significantly increased Akkermansia abundance. An evolving body of evidence has linked A. muciniphila with a lean phenotype and often levels are lower in those with obesity and its related metabolic alterations. Additionally, SCFA producers such as Blautia and Alloprevotella were increased. This contributes to the improvement of the health status of the gut microbial community. Remarkably there did not seem to be any major differences between FuL and FuA in this instance as both influenced the gut bacterial community correspondingly. Thus, ingredients from marine resources, particularly fucoidan, have potential as mediators of gut microbes.