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    Other Where can I buy empty enteric-coated capsules for FMT in Europe/Sweden?

    I assume you've looked on Amazon and similar shopping sites? When I was ordering them I found a supplier with not too much trouble, though they're in the US and therefore shipping to Sweden is probably quite expensive from them. I imagine if you search from an account or IP address based in...
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    Causation A widely distributed gene cluster compensates for uricase loss in hominids (Aug 2023, mice + retrospective analysis of human data, n=30 to n=6573)

    Since my last post on the oral transplants where I was saying things were starting to fluctuate, I started getting kidney pain and felt as though I were beginning to pass a stone. I knew I had some asymptomatic ones in there for years but none had ever gotten stuck and caused acute pain until...
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    Sources Comparing commercial FMT providers

    Looking through the spreadsheet again just now, I see quite a few more people who mentioned having tried non-HM donors (and even other HM donors) prior to the donor that their entry in the spreadsheet is about than I recall seeing when reading the same spreadsheet in 2024. That's definitely...
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    Treating Post Lyme Dysbiosis. Is FMT the solution? How to obtain it?

    The key word here is "can". It is not possible to only pick good donors, even being extremely picky, which is the same exact thing you are saying. However, my point is that with enough a variety of decently good donors, the bad kind of ends up canceling out. Case in point, me with Gezonde...
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    Treating Post Lyme Dysbiosis. Is FMT the solution? How to obtain it?

    But you still said you were "considering" putting your daughter back on heavy antibiotics--whether or not it's YOU treating people is not the question, it's whether you advocate people who trust you to take this course of action. The fact that you reconsidered is very good. As far as FMT...
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    Treating Post Lyme Dysbiosis. Is FMT the solution? How to obtain it?

    I feel the need to make another post clarifying what I said above. I do NOT oppose in any way the timely treatment of Lyme disease (with antibiotics) for a standard amount of time, possibly slightly longer (up to maybe 6 months in cases that were caught late), provided the patient actually...
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    Treating Post Lyme Dysbiosis. Is FMT the solution? How to obtain it?

    That's precisely what I'm saying--you don't know how much of the fact that you have residual symptoms has to do with the effect that Lyme treatment had on your gut, vs. the effect of the Lyme itself. In my experience, going down the road of "it's all still Lyme" is a recipe for getting...
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    Treating Post Lyme Dysbiosis. Is FMT the solution? How to obtain it?

    That's exactly what I was trying to advise about. Given my experience, and the experience of nearly everyone I've heard about going through it, the answer is almost certainly NOT more aggressive Lyme treatment. I noted that even you yourself said "I did reasonably well", not "I was cured of...
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    OMT Experience so far with oral microbiome transplant

    Because of how experimental this is, I was going to wait to post anything until I had basically figured this out completely and was at least as well as I'd been after my OpenBiome FMT in 2015. However, I'm close enough to there to have decent information to provide, and all the time I withhold...
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    Gezonde Darmflora WARNING: Gezonde Darmflora / Marco Kleijn – Comprehensive Review & Scam Alert

    That is concerning if true because of how emphatic and accusatory the OP is regarding GD. Of course, some of the things he/she says, if accurate, are worth noting regardless--like the stated timeframe for processing, the means of blending, and the non-use of diet logs. It's of course up to each...
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    Treating Post Lyme Dysbiosis. Is FMT the solution? How to obtain it?

    I have been considering putting her back on an aggressive antibiotic protocol but dont feel that is really the right course of action. I am convinced that the only viable option for her if FMT. I 100% agree that FMT is a FAR more promising option than more of an aggressive antibiotic protocol...
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    Other Bacteria are weaving forever chemicals directly into their cell membranes (Mar 2026) Bacteria covalently incorporate polyfluoroalkyl carboxylates into membrane lipids

    It would be interesting to study the membrane properties of the bacteria that have >5% of their membrane lipids fluorinated due to culture in PFAS, e.g. in terms of ion leak, functioning of electron transport chain proteins, etc. Although they state that the concentration of PFAS they used did...
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    General health David Fajgenbaum discovers treatment for his rare Castleman disease by self-experimentation

    Have any of you heard of this guy and his story? https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/04/business/his-doctors-were-stumped-then-he-took-over.html This guy is leading a drug repurposing initiative for rare diseases, after having discovered a treatment for his own rare disease. He managed to get...
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    Donors Donor quality and stool type hypothesis for FMT (Fecal Microbiota Transplant)

    I agree that the mucus-associated bacteria are probably more important than the luminal bacteria (which make up the majority of the poop) to transfer--especially since they're both more able to exchange metabolites directly with the host and have more access to oxygen from the gut wall to be...
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    Vagina Vaginal microbiota transplantation for treatment of vaginal dysbiosis without the use of antibiotics: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial in women with vaginal dysbiosis (Mar 2026, n=49) "VMT without antibiotics did not significantly improve microbiome conversion in this trial"

    I love the statement that the one pregnancy that occurred was "unrelated to treatment" :-) I'm not sure how well-established it is in fact that all women with a more diverse vaginal microbiome are at risk for reproductive complications. It is well-known that the diversity is correlated with...
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    Other What is the public perception of FMT? How much does it matter? Has it been blocking progress?

    For most people in the medical field, the risk/benefit analysis looks very different than from the POV of a desperate patient, or even a dispassionate scientist studying the microbiome in an abstract and/or theoretical manner. Their entire worldview is unfortunately clouded by thoughts of...
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    Other Popularity and acceptance of FMT. Who is to blame for why FMT will never be available? Ignorance, laziness, and apathy of the general public? How to motivate people to take action?

    As far as I know, what first happened (at least in modern times) is doctors trying FMT for their patients in what were effectively informal clinical trials, when those patients had something like C. diff where there was no known cure that worked for the patients. At the time, since so few people...
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    Other Popularity and acceptance of FMT. Who is to blame for why FMT will never be available? Ignorance, laziness, and apathy of the general public? How to motivate people to take action?

    You don't specify who "these companies" are, but I'm guessing you mean just general companies that are successful doing business in the US. I don't think you can compare FMT marketing to selling of something like computer games, AI, "life hack" gadgets, vacation rentals, or anything like that...
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    FMT Gut microbiota modulation via repeated donor fecal transplantation improves motor and gastrointestinal symptoms in drug-naïve Parkinson’s disease: a randomized phase 2 trial (Mar 2026, n=72)

    That's the first time I've seen mention of placing a GI catheter to allow repeated FMTs through a colonoscopy-like route. Clearly, having repeat colonoscopies seven days in a row each month for three months would never be allowed, and I guess for whatever reason they did NOT want to use capsules...
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    Other Popularity and acceptance of FMT. Who is to blame for why FMT will never be available? Ignorance, laziness, and apathy of the general public? How to motivate people to take action?

    I think this is exactly it. And even people who are possibly worse in terms of objective sickness (if you can even measure that) are often sick in more visible and empathizable, "socially acceptable" ways, and see less of a gap between their current ability level and where they could be at if...
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    10-year-old Emma puts severe Ulcerative Colitis in remission with DIY FMT from her mom (2013)

    It's great that it worked so quickly for her. She's also lucky that doctors were already willing to help this family out and recommend FMT back in 2014. It's also a shame that someone her age was so sick already.
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    Other Sleep disruption damages gut's self-repair ability via stress signals from brain (Feb 2026) Sleep disturbance triggers aberrant activation of vagus circuitry and induces intestinal stem cell dysfunction

    It's interesting here that increased serotonin is part of the pathology. This possibly has some relevance to people whose gut gets worse on SSRIs. My descent into the worst gut problems I've ever had started after being on 5-HTP for a little over 2 years. It was much worse even than where I...
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    Healthcare system Incoming trump admin with RFK signals new start for FDA

    From 00:35:20 in Casey Means' hearing: "The science is showing us, through amazing work in systems biology and network biology, that the physiologic causes of the vast majority of diseases... are connected by shared physiology and shared root causes." Then from 00:45:20: Dr. Jay Bhattacharya...
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    Genetics New Study Links Gut Makeup to Celiac Disease Pathogenesis (Feb 2026, n=12,652) The HUNT study identifies host genetic factors reproducibly associated with human gut microbiota composition

    This seems like a very weak study, identifying a single bacterium that correlates with celiac disease and no attempt to follow it up to determine causality.
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    Sources Comparing commercial FMT providers

    That IS sketchy. You may be wondering why I'm saying that now, given that I didn't consider it fishy when I learned he had neglected to inform me that one recipient had had a negative response to one donor. The difference is if it is a pattern. I take it for granted that for every provider of...
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    STICKY General meta discussion #001, July 2023. For questions and feedback that don't need their own thread

    Thanks! I assumed that since I explained the background of the research and summarized the methods that including the abstract wasn't necessary. Now I know, I will paste the abstract in a quote if and when that research gets published in a regular journal.
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    STICKY General meta discussion #001, July 2023. For questions and feedback that don't need their own thread

    You really need to be clearer about which rules/guidelines posts don't conform to. I know the guidelines are there, and I read through them every time before making a post, but apparently there are some I occasionally miss. On other forums, the rules are numbered, and posts that violate one of...
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    Other Duplicating FMT, stool donor, and microbiome projects vs solving existing barriers

    I see it more as a case of "when all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail". Aim for NaN has coding skills, and can handle the web design better than most people, so that's where the focus goes, rather than looking for where the actual "weakest link" is in the process (which has...
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    Other Duplicating FMT, stool donor, and microbiome projects vs solving existing barriers

    I what way do you think that lack of coding expertise had anything to do with why HM was so difficult to start up? As I understand it, the barriers are: 1. Reaching out to quality donor candidates--i.e. the initial contact. A website might be coded perfectly and be very user-friendly, but if...
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    Other Duplicating FMT, stool donor, and microbiome projects vs solving existing barriers

    I heard (Michael unfortunately never shared the details, if he even knows) that it's when you market stool as a treatment. In other words, it's entirely on the marketing side. So NONE of these is illegal for you. As I understand it, most of them are also legal for the donor and/or the friend, as...
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    Other Duplicating FMT, stool donor, and microbiome projects vs solving existing barriers

    As Michael already said, he did not stop voluntarily, the FDA threatened legal action if he were to continue selling. You may have a point in that if there were 50 businesses selling FMTs in the US, that might be too many "flies" for the FDA to "swat" and so some would always stay open...
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    Sources Comparing commercial FMT providers

    When I had a bad result from one of GD's donors and was going to re-order more from the other donor who I improved from, Marco was very willing to help me get exactly what I needed. The order was a little complicated though, as I wanted to try an enema yet also get some more capsules (since I...
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    Study Health Advice From A.I. Chatbots Is Frequently Wrong. In part due to how users are asking their questions (Feb 2026, n=1,298) Reliability of LLMs as medical assistants for the general public: a randomized preregistered study

    I did a quick experiment, presenting to ChatGPT the symptoms from when I had my first case of knee swelling due to Lyme, and the blood test result I remember being abnormal, and it generated a list of 5-6 possible conditions. ChatGPT did suggest Lyme disease as the most likely condition...
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    Gezonde Darmflora WARNING: Gezonde Darmflora / Marco Kleijn – Comprehensive Review & Scam Alert

    Evidence? Different people have different moral standards when it comes to this. For some, if they mention their criteria and then just say "all of our donors met those criteria", this is the proper balance between informing the recipient and protecting the donor's privacy, as opposed to...
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    Gezonde Darmflora WARNING: Gezonde Darmflora / Marco Kleijn – Comprehensive Review & Scam Alert

    I got my opinion of the effectiveness from real-time messaging back and forth with previous recipients of GD's product, who I did NOT find through Marco himself. I would encourage everyone to do this, with any provider, i.e. find the most authentic-seeming customers you can find who are...
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    Other Gut Bacteria Can Inject Proteins Into Human Cells (Jan 2026) Effector–host interactome map links type III secretion systems in healthy gut microbiomes to immune modulation

    This is really interesting, it's one of the few studies to look at actual direct protein interactions as a means of potential benefits of symbiotic Proteobacteria/Pseudomonadota. Firstly, many papers treat all of them as if they were merely near-pathogens that manage to achieve harmlessness by...
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    Oral Microbes living in our mouths could hold the key to obesity prevention (Jan 2026, n=628) Integrative multi-omics analysis reveals oral microbiome-metabolome signatures of obesity

    I agree completely. I was responding to one of Michael's comments that was directed just to me and that didn't actually get posted. He seemed to be trying to create a firm distinction between the "gut" and the "mouth", which is implicit in the very statement "the gut microbiome influences the...
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    Oral Microbes living in our mouths could hold the key to obesity prevention (Jan 2026, n=628) Integrative multi-omics analysis reveals oral microbiome-metabolome signatures of obesity

    Whether you consider the mouth to be part of "the gut" is just semantics and not worth arguing as it has no concrete implications. What does have implications is whether bacteria can move from one compartment in the digestive tract to another (absent something like FMT deliberately moving them)...
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    General health Using AI chatbots for medical advice

    You're lucky that you got significant improvement from treating Bartonella. I had Bartonella, but never RMSF, and the treatment for that made some things slightly better but not enough to really improve my life. The antibiotics for it though gave me recurrent C. diff, and then the FMT for that...
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    General health Using AI chatbots for medical advice

    Did it actually diagnose a condition that was confirmed by reputable tests and that was treatable by standard treatments for that disease/condition? The reason I ask is that there are quite a number of questionable diagnoses that you can nevertheless find plenty of practitioners to diagnose you...
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