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    Other Bacteria are weaving forever chemicals directly into their cell membranes (Mar 2026) Bacteria covalently incorporate polyfluoroalkyl carboxylates into membrane lipids

    It would be interesting to study the membrane properties of the bacteria that have >5% of their membrane lipids fluorinated due to culture in PFAS, e.g. in terms of ion leak, functioning of electron transport chain proteins, etc. Although they state that the concentration of PFAS they used did...
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    Vagina Vaginal microbiota transplantation for treatment of vaginal dysbiosis without the use of antibiotics: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial in women with vaginal dysbiosis (Mar 2026, n=49) "VMT without antibiotics did not significantly improve microbiome conversion in this trial"

    I love the statement that the one pregnancy that occurred was "unrelated to treatment" :-) I'm not sure how well-established it is in fact that all women with a more diverse vaginal microbiome are at risk for reproductive complications. It is well-known that the diversity is correlated with...
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    FMT Gut microbiota modulation via repeated donor fecal transplantation improves motor and gastrointestinal symptoms in drug-naïve Parkinson’s disease: a randomized phase 2 trial (Mar 2026, n=72)

    That's the first time I've seen mention of placing a GI catheter to allow repeated FMTs through a colonoscopy-like route. Clearly, having repeat colonoscopies seven days in a row each month for three months would never be allowed, and I guess for whatever reason they did NOT want to use capsules...
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    Other Sleep disruption damages gut's self-repair ability via stress signals from brain (Feb 2026) Sleep disturbance triggers aberrant activation of vagus circuitry and induces intestinal stem cell dysfunction

    It's interesting here that increased serotonin is part of the pathology. This possibly has some relevance to people whose gut gets worse on SSRIs. My descent into the worst gut problems I've ever had started after being on 5-HTP for a little over 2 years. It was much worse even than where I...
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    Genetics New Study Links Gut Makeup to Celiac Disease Pathogenesis (Feb 2026, n=12,652) The HUNT study identifies host genetic factors reproducibly associated with human gut microbiota composition

    This seems like a very weak study, identifying a single bacterium that correlates with celiac disease and no attempt to follow it up to determine causality.
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    Other Gut Bacteria Can Inject Proteins Into Human Cells (Jan 2026) Effector–host interactome map links type III secretion systems in healthy gut microbiomes to immune modulation

    This is really interesting, it's one of the few studies to look at actual direct protein interactions as a means of potential benefits of symbiotic Proteobacteria/Pseudomonadota. Firstly, many papers treat all of them as if they were merely near-pathogens that manage to achieve harmlessness by...
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    Oral Microbes living in our mouths could hold the key to obesity prevention (Jan 2026, n=628) Integrative multi-omics analysis reveals oral microbiome-metabolome signatures of obesity

    I agree completely. I was responding to one of Michael's comments that was directed just to me and that didn't actually get posted. He seemed to be trying to create a firm distinction between the "gut" and the "mouth", which is implicit in the very statement "the gut microbiome influences the...
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    Oral Microbes living in our mouths could hold the key to obesity prevention (Jan 2026, n=628) Integrative multi-omics analysis reveals oral microbiome-metabolome signatures of obesity

    Whether you consider the mouth to be part of "the gut" is just semantics and not worth arguing as it has no concrete implications. What does have implications is whether bacteria can move from one compartment in the digestive tract to another (absent something like FMT deliberately moving them)...
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    Video Is SIBO real? SIBO vs dysbiosis? Debunking the SIBO hypothesis | Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth

    Maybe it was confusing, there was a large time gap in there. The timeline was roughly as follows: 2007ish--First diagnosed with SIBO, hydrogen only, and treated with rifaximin without improvement. At that point I had diarrhea, neuropathy, and depressed mood, but no anxiety, brain fog(*), or...
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    Video Is SIBO real? SIBO vs dysbiosis? Debunking the SIBO hypothesis | Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth

    I had depression and sometimes irritability, but not any face swelling. This was when I first was treated for SIBO. By the time I had my FMT, I had developed severe anxiety, but this had started with a stressful experience (though having a messed-up gut perpetuated it--and the FMT greatly...
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    Blog The FDA and FMT regulation, part 2. (Jul 2024, HumanMicrobes.org) I met with the FDA. Here's what I shared with them, and their response.

    This is unlikely to make a difference, as it's not the self-administration of the transplants that is outlawed (the FMT doesn't have jurisdiction over such a thing, except possibly if doctors are assisting, and even then, it's likely medical boards that have most of the power) but rather the...
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    Video Is SIBO real? SIBO vs dysbiosis? Debunking the SIBO hypothesis | Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth

    You basically answer this yourself in your next paragraph. It may be more a question of which bacteria are in the small intestine rather than how many. While people who test positive on hydrogen breath tests may indeed be more likely to have symptoms, what doesn't necessarily follow is that just...
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    Diet Diet outperforms microbial transplant to drive microbiome recovery in mice (April 2025)

    This paper is now open access, and I've read it. Here's what I took away: 1. The antibiotic treatment was harsh (3 antibiotics at the same time!) but brief (72 hours). This contrasts with most of us who underwent treatment for things like Lyme (one antibiotic at a time, but many of them rotated...
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    Testing We may finally know what a healthy gut microbiome looks like (Dec 2025, n=34,694) Gut micro-organisms associated with health, nutrition and dietary interventions

    1. They only looked at cardiometabolic health--no neurological/neuropsychiatric conditions, no autoimmunity, etc. 2. If the only data on diet comes from an app that was asking everyone to eat fermented foods and a plant-based high fiber diet, you aren't going to get a lot of people in your...
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    FMT The Super-Donor Phenomenon in Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (Jan 2019, review)

    They also say this though: "Microbial dysbiosis is a blanket term for an unhealthy or imbalanced gut community. As such, the population structure that is considered to represent microbial dysbiosis is variable between different disorders (Duvallet et al., 2017). Moreover, the microbiome deficit...
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    Blog The FDA and FMT regulation, part 2. (Jul 2024, HumanMicrobes.org) I met with the FDA. Here's what I shared with them, and their response.

    How is the protest going? It seems you haven't posted any updates in a while, are you OK? By the way it seems as though the petition is stalling out. When I signed, it was at ~2670 signatures. Up until then, the signatures had been growing exponentially, with each week bringing between a 5x and...
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    Blog The FDA and FMT regulation, part 2. (Jul 2024, HumanMicrobes.org) I met with the FDA. Here's what I shared with them, and their response.

    I knew you were tall... but I'm still surprised those other people looked so far away. It appeared as though your head was 50% higher off the ground than theirs were. It was probably just the weirdness of a phone camera though. That makes sense, at least for the more business-oriented people...
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    Blog The FDA and FMT regulation, part 2. (Jul 2024, HumanMicrobes.org) I met with the FDA. Here's what I shared with them, and their response.

    I just watched your video trying to get into the RFK hearing. I was wondering, why does the video make it look like you were up on some sort of pedestal? Did you try talking to some of the people in line? (I know some people might not have wanted to be on video talking with you--but maybe you...
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    FMT Efficacy of encapsulated fecal microbiota transplantation and FMT via rectal enema for irritable bowel syndrome: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (CAP-ENEMA FMT Trial) (Sep 2025, n=45) "Higher clinical response and quality of life in both FMT groups than placebo"

    Have you ever found a study that gave enough information (such as describing stool type) that you would consider the donor(s) that they used GOOD quality??
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    FMT Repeated faecal microbiota transplantation for individuals with type 1 diabetes and gastroenteropathy (Sep 2025, n=17) "Participant satisfaction was high, with 86% reporting considerable benefits"

    It's good to see that they did this. I wonder to what extent this improved results, vs. just guessing on one "best" donor without any clinical track record to back that choice up and writing patients off as nonresponders if they didn't improve from this one donor.
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    Blog The FDA and FMT regulation, part 2. (Jul 2024, HumanMicrobes.org) I met with the FDA. Here's what I shared with them, and their response.

    They have been pulled from the schedule quite clearly for political reasons, NOT because there are any new scientific findings negating the favorable benefit/risk ratio. I support anyone being able to choose to get or not get this vaccine, but I'm not going to buy into politicians' judgments on...
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    Article Finch wins US jury trial against Ferring over fecal-transplant patents (Aug 2024, Rebyota)

    Their latest clinical trial mentions a "full spectrum" microbiome therapeutic, which would support this: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39366468/ The question I would have is, what's the difference between the various products in their pipeline (CP101, FIN-524, FIN-525, FIN-211)? Are some of...
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    Blog The FDA and FMT regulation, part 2. (Jul 2024, HumanMicrobes.org) I met with the FDA. Here's what I shared with them, and their response.

    Anyone who isn't liberally biased is going to associate FMT with "experimental dangerous medicine that doesn't work" if it gets associated with anyone liberal who pushed the covid vaccines. One could go the other way though and say that anyone who seriously thinks the COVID vaccines are a prime...
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    Blog The FDA and FMT regulation, part 2. (Jul 2024, HumanMicrobes.org) I met with the FDA. Here's what I shared with them, and their response.

    It seems the most likely would be if there's a podcast about DIY science, biohacking, etc. Appearing on a podcast that is already controversial for politics seems like it could really backfire--I wouldn't want FMT associated in the least with radical anti-vax, QAnon, or any other fringe...
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    Blog The FDA and FMT regulation, part 2. (Jul 2024, HumanMicrobes.org) I met with the FDA. Here's what I shared with them, and their response.

    The difference is that biology has noise and variability that the physics of flight doesn't. A machine either flies or it doesn't, whereas a "drug" that ISN'T actually a drug at all will help some people by the placebo effect, and an actually very effective drug will fail for some people. The...
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    Blog First results from our 1 in 23,000 stool donor (2022, HumanMicrobes.org)

    The thing is that for some of us we've had a FMT experience that WAS a "holy grail" for them. If you present it as "it's cruel to deny people something that worked for them in the past just because it isn't 'proven' (where that necessarily implies a population, rather than an individual)", then...
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    Blog First results from our 1 in 23,000 stool donor (2022, HumanMicrobes.org)

    Ummm... wasn't the whole thread (the one you removed these posts from) about how every Congressperson you stop in the hallway and ask about FMT, or nearly every one who you try to set up an actual one-on-one meeting with to discuss FMT, ignores you and goes right back to whatever they were doing...
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    Blog First results from our 1 in 23,000 stool donor (2022, HumanMicrobes.org)

    How are you so sure that this is not simply a function of who responds to you, rather than how the majority of people feel? In my experience, people (at least neurotypical ones) who are grossed out or creeped out by ideas react to this by ignoring the people who make them feel that way, without...
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    Blog First results from our 1 in 23,000 stool donor (2022, HumanMicrobes.org)

    This is totally it. Someone I know who is looking for a donor posted on a forum for residents of a town near her, asking for donors, and some people were apparently downright RUDE to her. I just saw one that hinted sideways that he was questioning whether she might be some kind of pervert, but...
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    Blog The FDA and FMT regulation, part 2. (Jul 2024, HumanMicrobes.org) I met with the FDA. Here's what I shared with them, and their response.

    LOL! I guess now you need a colonic with water filtered to a very high standard of gender purity in order to decontaminate your gut from any transgender microbes that your system may have been inadvertently exposed to! Next thing you know some of the Gram positives are going to start dressing in...
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    Article Finch wins US jury trial against Ferring over fecal-transplant patents (Aug 2024, Rebyota)

    From the prescribing information, "Description" (Section 11): https://www.ferringusa.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2022/12/9009000002_REBYOTA-PI_11-2022.pdf "REBYOTA (fecal microbiota, live – jslm) is an opaque fecal microbiota suspension for rectal administration. REBYOTA is manufactured...
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    FMT Microbiota Therapeutics Program (MTP) at the University of Minnesota (Jun 2025, UMN) Donor-centric administration of the stool donor program is vital to its feasibility and patient safety

    How would you know, since you only test your donors once? All Gezonde Darmflora donors except for DF6, their newest donor, have failed a stool test at one time or another, since they are tested monthly--however their overall probability of testing positive on any given test is low. Most months...
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    Blog The FDA and FMT regulation, part 2. (Jul 2024, HumanMicrobes.org) I met with the FDA. Here's what I shared with them, and their response.

    I watched that video and I think I see what's going on. There's a lot of that in the science communication world. Basically, it's an alliance of science and a very "conservative" type of "alternative" health, where researchers come out and act as if they are starting "a revolution" when in fact...
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    FMT Fecal transplants: Study is a 'wake-up call' for the field as researchers identify unintended consequences. (Jun 2025, mice) Microbiome mismatches from microbiota transplants lead to persistent off-target metabolic and immunomodulatory effects

    “There are microbes along the entire intestinal tract, and we just study predominately the last third of it (the colon),” DeLeon said. I've been saying this for years as well! That almost the entire research on the gut is focused on the large intestine, which in turn means largely on just two...
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    Early development In utero human intestine contains maternally derived bacterial metabolites (May 2025, n=21)

    From the very first sentence of the Methods section: "Placental and fetal samples were obtained from the University of Pittsburgh Biospecimen Core from electively terminated products of conception (14–23 weeks of gestation)" So indigo34 was correct--these were aborted fetuses.
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    Oral Swapping spit with your spouse may spread anxiety and depression (Apr 2025, 536 couples) Oral Microbiota Transmission Partially Mediates Depression and Anxiety in Newlywed Couples

    Interesting--I'm not too surprised.
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    FMT Fecal transplants: Study is a 'wake-up call' for the field as researchers identify unintended consequences. (Jun 2025, mice) Microbiome mismatches from microbiota transplants lead to persistent off-target metabolic and immunomodulatory effects

    Recently posted by someone in another FMT group. https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(25)00564-1 "Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is an increasingly used intervention, but its suitability to restore regional gut microbiota, particularly in the small bowel (SB), must be questioned...
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    FMT VA trial using the University of Minnesota's donors, finds no reduction in C diff recurrence after FMT (Sep 2024, n=153, UMN) A randomized controlled trial of efficacy and safety of Fecal Microbiota Transplant for preventing recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection

    When I got my OpenBiome FMT, it was at most 48 hours prior to the procedure that I was instructed to stop taking vancomycin. It might have even been only 24 hours, and yet however long it was, it still perfectly did its job breaking the cycle of C. diff recurrences. It also did a lot of other...
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    Blog The FDA and FMT regulation, part 2. (Jul 2024, HumanMicrobes.org) I met with the FDA. Here's what I shared with them, and their response.

    The thing is, their hands are tied as well (in the US). Doctors and other medical professionals who promote FMT for conditions other than C. diff risk disciplinary action up to eventually losing their medical licenses if they persist. By "promote" here I mean not just to state they believe in...
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    Early development Early-life gut microbiome is associated with behavioral disorders in the Rio birth cohort (Mar 2025, n=36)

    It's interesting that they only found bacteria negatively associated with normal development, and none positively associated. However they found increased diversity associated with normal development, which suggests that maybe normal development is promoted by a large variety of different...
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